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标题: EV,MV,MVB,Exosome之间的关系到底是什么？ [打印本页]
作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-10 10:02
标题: EV,MV,MVB,Exosome之间的关系到底是什么？
看了一篇Clotilde Th´ery2014年的综述，被她说的概念弄晕了，求大神梳理。

The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (i.e., membrane vesicles containing cytosol from the
secreting cells enclosed in a lipid bilayer) is a process that appears to be conserved throughout
evolution (Raposo & Stoorvogel 2013): Cells from different organisms, including all eukaryotes
(from amoebae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and parasites to mammals) but also prokaryotic cells, have
been demonstrated to release vesicles into the extracellular environment. In pluricellular organisms,
EVs have been isolated from diverse bodily fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk,
amniotic fluid, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, and semen. The origin, nature, and features of
these vesicles are diverse, and many different names have been used in the literature, referring
to their size [prefix micro or nano: microparticles, microvesicles (MVs), nanovesicles, nanoparticles],
their cell or tissue of origin (prostasomes, oncosomes), their proposed functions (calcifying
matrix vesicles, argosomes, tolerosomes), or simply their presence outside the cells (prefix exo or
ecto: ectosomes, exosomes, exovesicles, exosome-like vesicles). Although the nomenclature is still
a matter of debate (Gould & Raposo 2013), the terms ectosome, shedding vesicle, microparticle,
andMV generally refer to 150–1,000-nm vesicles released by budding from the plasmamembrane
(PM). The term exosome was initially used to name vesicles ranging from 40 to 1,000 nm released
by a variety of cultured cells and carrying 5-nucleotidase activity (Trams et al. 1981). However,
this term was adopted in the late 1980s for small (30–100-nm) vesicles of endosomal origin that
are released during reticulocyte differentiation as a consequence of the fusion of multivesicular
endosomes or multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the PM( Johnstone et al. 1987). A decade later,
B lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) were shown to release similar vesicles of endosomal
origin (Raposo et al. 1996, Zitvogel et al. 1998). Many different cell types of hematopoietic and
nonhematopoietic origin have now been shown to release exosomal vesicles. Most of the studies
using cultured cells have hinted at the biogenetic origin of the secreted vesicles (i.e., their endosomal
origin). However, most cells can probably release both PM- and endosome-derived vesicles.
Thus, although in many studies EVs were named exosomes and were assumed to correspond to
intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of MVBs, solid evidence for their origin is often lacking, because
diverse complementary methods are required, and such evidence is sometimes difficult to obtain.
For example, fusion of MVBs with the cell surface is a very dynamic process that is often difficult
to catch using electron microscopy (EM).

作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-10 10:04
以为EV指所有外泌体，但综述里面写到EV里面有exosome的分类，而EV全都是bud出来的，exosome不是bud的而是shedding出来的，前后矛盾了。
作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-10 10:07
http://www.exosome.com.cn/forum. ... &extra=page%3D1

论坛这个帖子有讨论，能理解帖子内容，但好像这篇综述矛盾。

现在就想搞清楚EV,MV,Exosome之间的关系，我的理解是MV与Exosome之间没有交叉，EV=MV+Exosome
作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-11 09:30
Johnny 发表于 2015-5-10 14:39
exosome的定义就是通过MVB与细胞质膜融合将其内的小膜泡释放到细胞外从而形成exosome；
MV的定义不明确，似 ...

恩，主要是被MV困惑了。另外MVB与PM的融合过程中，exosome是否会和PM融合呢？
作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-11 14:35
Johnny 发表于 2015-5-11 10:27
应该不会融合吧

那么exosome表面标记跟PM是不是就没啥关系了？
作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-12 11:36
Johnny 发表于 2015-5-11 16:38
表面标记什么呢？

exosome的膜表面标记与本身细胞膜表面标记应该是没有特异性联系吧。
作者: hereissyk    时间: 2015-5-12 13:42
Johnny 发表于 2015-5-12 11:51
首先它们都是磷脂双分子层，肯定有很多相同之处；

其次，exosome的来源是MVB，肯定有其特异的成分。 ...

恩，有道理。
作者: evomicscience    时间: 2015-6-1 06:50
Extracellular Vesicles include exosome (30-150nm, CD63, CD81/CD9/TSG101/Alix hsp70 etc), microvesicle (100-1000nm, MMP2 etc) and apoptotic body (um scale, AnnexinV/PS). All contains lipid protein and DNA/RNA. Exosome is from MVE fusion with cytoplasma membrane (MVE is membrane organelle and contains many exosome already) and then release exosome. Thus, one fusion will release many exosome. While microvesicle is budding from cytoplasma membrane, like virus maturation/release, one microvesicle will be released through one budding. Thus it is one by one. Apoptotic bodies have the biggest size and happens when cell dies (fragment). Clotilde Th´ery is a famous lady in this field, such as Ran27a/b for secretion. She contributed a lot to this field, doed she run as chairwoman of ISEV 2015?
Best,
John
作者: limitzy    时间: 2015-6-18 14:43
学习了，谢谢



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