Cell. 2015 Jun 4;161(6):1306-19. A TRP Channel Senses Lysosome Neutralization by Pathogens to Trigger Their Expulsion. PMID:26027738 ----------------------------------------------------------------
Vertebrate cells have evolved elaborate cell-autonomous defense programs to monitor subcellular compartments for infection and to evoke counter-responses. These programs are activated by pathogen-associated pattern molecules and by various strategies intracellular pathogensemploy to alter cellular microenvironments. Here, we show that, when uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) infect bladder epithelial cells (BECs), they are targeted by autophagy but avoid degradation because of their capacity to neutralize lysosomal pH. This change is detected by mucolipinTRP channel 3 (TRPML3), a transient receptor potential cation channel localized to lysosomes. TRPML3 activation then spontaneously initiates lysosome exocytosis, resulting in expulsion of exosome-encased bacteria. These studies reveal a cellular default system for lysosomehomeostasis that has been co-opted by the autonomous defense program to clear recalcitrant pathogens.
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脊椎动物的细胞有比较完善的自我防御功能,能够通过模式分子或其他途径启动抵抗反应。本文发现,当尿路大肠杆菌(UPEC)感染膀胱上皮细胞(BEC)时,UPEC可以被自噬、但不会被降解,因为它们可以中和溶酶体的PH值。该过程有TRPML3受体参与,这个受体被激活后可以引起溶酶体胞外分泌,形成了包裹有细菌的exosome。 实验具体步骤如下: 1、UPEC细菌引发上皮细胞自噬 2、自噬小体与多胞小体融合形成amphisome(此时细菌被包裹起来了) 3、该结构具有完整的外膜并且可以与另外一个小体(intraluminal vesicles)融合 4、amphisome与溶酶体融合后形成“自溶酶体” 5、UPEC中和了该自溶酶体的PH值--->被中和了的自溶酶体通过TRPML3途径释放含有UPEC的exosome。
后记: 应版主之邀编译这篇文章,更加令我确信了一个事实:CNS的文章我是看不懂的 这篇文章牵扯到细胞器的互相作用和自噬,这两个领域我都很陌生,所以翻译起来有点驴唇不对马嘴。如果有误,请其他战友指正~~
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